After decades of preferential treatment, incentives, and subsidies, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Viet Nam failed to compete effectively, and their financial problems created significant fiscal risks. Having virtually no access to private capital markets, general corporations had relied on extensive borrowing from the government and state-owned commercial banks to finance their operations.
Maldives, a South Asian country of 1,190 islands grouped in 26 atolls and spread over 90,000 square kilometers in the Indian Ocean, graduated to middle-income status in 2011. After 30 years of presidency, it transitioned to a parliamentary democracy in 2005, and in 2008, had a new constitution ratified, paving the way for the first multi-party presidential elections.
Tropical Cyclone Winston, the second most powerful storm on record, after the 2013 Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines, struck Fiji on 20 February 2016. The cyclone killed 44 people and left a trail of destruction across large parts of the rural areas. Total damage and loss was estimated at $1.4 billion—equivalent to 27.6% of the country’s 2016 gross domestic product (GDP).
Lake Issyk–Kul in the eastern part of the Kyrgyz Republic is the world’s second largest saline lake; a Ramsar site of globally significant biodiversity; and a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization designated biosphere reserve. In September 2009, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved a $16.5 million loan and a $13.5 million grant for the Issyk-Kul Sustainable Deve
At project appraisal in 2013, only around 3% of the people in the Malaita province, which had about 25% of the Solomon Islands’ national population, had access to grid electricity. Power in the provincial capital of Auki was 100% diesel-generated and so was expensive and beyond the reach of most of the local population.
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