Several decades of preferential treatment, incentives, and subsidies failed to make the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Viet Nam competitive and efficient.
During project appraisal in 2010, Shandong was the second largest province in terms of industrial outputs in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Its energy supply depended heavily on fossil fuels—coal (71%) and oil (26%)—causing high levels of carbon emissions. Its industry sector consumed over three quarters of its total energy in 2009.
The sharp fall in the global prices of hydrocarbons in 2016 resulted in a massive devaluation of manat, the local currency of Azerbaijan, whose economic growth is largely sustained by the exploration of large reserves of crude oil and natural gas.
At the request of the government of Pakistan, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved an $810 million multitranche financing facility (MFF) for the Power Distribution Enhancement Investment Program in September 2008. The approved MFF amount, to be provided in four tranches, represented 15.6% of the country’s total power distribution sector investment plan for 2008–2017. The investment plan
The People’s Republic of China (PRC) achieved unprecedented economic growth between 1986 and 2005. One of the unintended consequences was severe environmental degradation, especially the pollution of water bodies. The government’s plans to contain water pollution had not kept pace with the rate of agricultural, industrial, and urban growth.
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