Tonga lies about 2,000 kilometers (km) north of New Zealand and 3,500 km east of Australia. It consists of 171 islands, 48 of which are inhabited, and has a population of about 100,000. About 25% of the population lives in urban areas and 70% in Tongatapu, the site of the capital city, Nuku’alofa.
After having recorded consistent budget surpluses since 2010, the government’s fiscal position deteriorated to a balanced budget in 2015, followed by budget deficits during 2016 and 2017 due to reform slippage and a change in government priorities. Joint policy dialogue with development partners through the government-led Core Economic Working Group (CEWG) lapsed during this period.
Most of the rural poor in the Philippines belong to landless households in southern Luzon, Mindanao, and Visayas. Lack of equitable access to means of production, including land, capital, irrigation, technology, information, employment opportunities, and markets, underpins this deep rural poverty. Various governments have responded to this age-old problem, which has caused continuing rural di
Lanzhou, the capital of Gansu province, is a regional hub between the eastern and western regions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The main city is located on the banks of the Yellow River and contained within a narrow east–west valley with steep terrain at both the north and south that effectively constrains further expansion of the city.
Yichang is a prefecture-level in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Hubei province’s second largest city after Wuhan, the provincial capital. While as of the end of 2011, its urbanization rate was well below the national average, its urban population was forecasted to increase to 2.8 million by 2030 due to continuing migration.
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